Public DNS Servers

Domain Name Service (or Server or System) is an internet service that translate easily memorized domain names into IP numbers and vice-versa. DNS Servers can be better understands as Yellow page directory to the Internet.
Every ISP runs DNS services for their customers and users. A user can also runs DNS service for its own.

There are many DNS servers which are open for all, commonly known as Public DNS Servers.
IP addresses of main Public DNS Servers are :-

Google Public DNS Servers
1. 8.8.8.8
2. 8.8.4.4
3. 2001:4860:4860::8888
4. 2001:4860:4860::8844

Level 3 Public DNS Servers
5. 4.2.2.1
6. 4.2.2.2
7. 4.2.2.3
8. 4.2.2.4
9. 4.2.2.5
10. 4.2.2.6

OpenDNS Public DNS Servers
11. 208.67.222.222
12.   208.67.222.222
13.   2620:0:ccc::2
14.   2620:0:ccd::2

Norton Public DNS Servers
15. 198.153.192.1
16. 198.153.194.1

Comodo Secure Public DNS Server
17. 8.26.56.26
18. 8.20.247.20

Other Public DNS Server
19.   195.46.39.39
20.   195.46.39.40
21.   156.154.70.1
22.   156.154.71.1
23.   216.146.35.35
24.   216.146.36.36
25.   151.236.6.156
26.   118.88.20.195

Availability of 5 GHz WLAN Channels in India under unlicensed band

Availability of 5 GHz WLAN Channels in India under unlicensed band In India, Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing of Department of Telecom, under Ministry of Communication takes care of licensing of radio frequencies. In the latest National Frequency allocation plan 2018 (https://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFAP%202018.pdf), Government of India (GoI), exempted the licensing requirements of the following radio frequency ranges for wireless usage and a gazette notification has also published for this (https://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/License%20Exemption%20in%205%20GHz%20G_S_R_1048%28E%29%20dated%2022nd%20October%2C%202018_0.pdf) -- 1. 5150-5250 2. 5250-5350 3. 5470-5725 4. 5725-5875 References

Summary report of APNIC 55 (APRICOT 2023) Meeting held in Manila, Philippines

APNIC Logo The APNIC 55 meeting was held in Manila, Philippines from 20th Feb to 02nd March 2023. The meeting was hosted by PhNOG, The Philippine Network Operators Group (PhNOG) and supported by DOST- Advanced Science and Technology Institute. Every year, APNIC conferences are held twice, the first of each year is held in conjunction with APRICOT and the second one is a standalone conference. The last such meeting held in India was in 2012, APNIC 33 (which was in conjunction with APRICOT 2012). APNIC 55 meeting was unique in multiple senses – i. Firstly, because of the possibility of potential hijack [1] [2][3] of the APNIC Executive Council by Cloud Innovation Ltd. / Larus foundation / NRS, the same organizations which have dragged AFRINIC (RIR for African Continent) into the Mauritius supreme court and at one point nearly halted the AFRINIC operations by getting its bank accounts frozen (over 25 lawsuits have been filed against AFRINIC by Cloud Innovation Ltd.). Number

Identity PSK ( iPSK)

With the evolution of IoT (Internet of Things), devices that connect wirelessly have increased many folds. From webcams, Smartwatches, fitness bands, firestick, Alexa, Google Home, and many more.., everything is going wireless for connectivity and so does the security threat. The main concern with IoT devices is the unavailability of the full wireless protocol stack (and in the majority of devices, support of 802.1x is not available). So, previously we only have the WPA-PSK option for connecting the IoT devices. In WPA*-PSK (WPA or WPA2) WLAN, a Pre-Shared Key (PSK) is configured and distributed to all the clients that connect to the WLAN. This leads to PSK leakage, and it can be accessible to unauthorized users (due to the nature of common PSK across all the devices). Therefore, there was a need to provision unique PSK or Multiple PSK per SSID. Identity-PSKs are unique pre-shared keys created for clients/groups on the same WLAN. Features of iPSK:- 1.Unique PSK for individual Cli

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